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Dave Morelli

Video Gun Review: McMillan TAC-308

Gun Review: McMillan Tac-308It was 1973 when Gale McMillan started producing stocks for his own use in benchrest competition. He soon started making them for other shooters as well. Today, the company has evolved to a high quality stock and custom rifle manufacturer that carries a well-known and respected brand name in both the hunting and tactical communities. Their tactical rifles are equipped to meet the specialized needs of the law enforcement and military operator.

A quick look at the TAC series of rifles shows they are well thought out and built with every advantage for a tactical mission. This summer I had the opportunity to check out theTAC-308, a rifle designed for urban tactical scenarios. McMillan’s ads on this rifle say “A designated marksman is a surgeon. This is your scalpel.” Well, this rifle is one of the sharpest scalpels on the table. As I took the rifle out of the padded case I could feel it was properly weighted with good balance. On any precision rifle I always check the chamber and the bolt on this TAC-308 fit nicely into the customG-30 McMillan receiver.

The rifle specifications are much like you would expect of a precision instrument. The rifle is available with either the hinged floor plate or detachable box magazine. There are pros and cons to each and I like that the option is available to whatever your mission dictates. On this rifle the magazines fit perfectly against an extended mag release that sits right in front of the robust trigger guard.

The McMillan TAC-308 comes with an adjustable stock. The cheekpiece is also adjustable.
The McMillan TAC-308 comes with an adjustable stock. The cheekpiece is also adjustable.

It can be manipulated without moving the grip hand and the magazine falls free. Both five- and 10-round magazines are available. I did not shoot with a 10-rounder so I don’t know if it would be a problem while prone shooting.

The 20-inch barrel is fitted nicely to the receiver and the muzzle is threaded for suppressed fire and fitted with a protective cap. The machining is so precise the line disappears when the cap is screwed in tight. The bore is hand-lapped stainless steel.

This rifle has a powder coat finish that seems tough as nails. It is a compact little gun but don’t let the short barrel deceive you; we were shooting the rifle at 1000 yards and easily hitting the center of the gong. Part of this was made possible by the phenomenal trigger. It tripped at just under3 pounds and was very crisp with no travel. The trigger pull is adjustable, but I could get along with it as it came from the factory.

The barreled action rests in one of McMillan’s A-5 stocks. The cheek piece and length of pull are adjustable to give you a repeatable sight picture every time. This stock has the flatbottom hook for steadying with the off hand and a slightly fattened pistol grip. It, along with the forearm is stippled for good grip in all weather. The stock is of that famous McMillan construction and the action is pillar-bedded for a rock-solid fit. The forearm of the stock has a three-rail system out infront of the scope on top and on each side for necessities such as night vision equipment that your mission requires.

The McMillan came with a US Optics scope.
The McMillan came with a US Optics scope.

This demo rifle came equipped with a U.S. Optics 3.5- to 17-powerscope. This was my first experience with a U.S. Optics scope but it was a pleasant one. The scope was crystal clear and the reticle was much like others I have used with MOA hold off lines at the center of the crosshairs. I really liked the elevation turret, which could be adjusted for massive elevation quickly. It is a much bigger turret than found on most scopes and one turn at ½ MOA divisions get you there in a hurry. The windage knob has ¼ MOA graduation and is marked right or left. That was different than I was familiar with but I could see it becoming easily adapted to. McMillan also packages their tactical kits with Leupold Mark 4 scopes if you so desire.

I started out shooting the TAC with Black Hills Gold ammo in180-grain Nosler AccuTip bullets. I also had some Federal Premium with 168-grain HPBT bullets and some Lake City 173-grainmatch ammo. One of the problems with a professional’s rifle is that most of the time the operator is limited by the type of factory loads designated by the agency.. Working up the best load is not an option. Luckily there are many good choices out there so finding a good working load is possible.

I started out, where any rifleman does, shooting 100-yard groups. The first groups out of the rifle were shot with the Federal Premium ammo and were sub-minute right off the bat. I did notice some tightening of the groups after the barrel was fouled a bit which is normal. The 173-grain Lake City also shot great groups and I ran the rifle out to 300 yards to get a feel for the trajectory. The groups were in the one half minute range at 300 yards. The Black Hills ammo in the 180-grain configuration shot at the same POA (point of aim) as the Federal and Lake City stuff at 100 yards and dropped negligibly from the other ammo’s zero. With some numbers from the chronograph I had the info I needed to make a trajectory chart. Time to take it out to the longer stuff.

The TAC-308 comes with an accessory rail mounted on the A-5 stock for night optics.
The TAC-308 comes with an accessory rail mounted on the A-5 stock for night optics.

I recently set up a long-range gong on a friend’s property and at the time I didn’t know how challenging it was going to be. It has a barely noticeable incline, about 3 degrees, but the shot crosses two draws right about where they come together into one and sometimes the wind is tricky. The first shot was at 725yards. At first there wasn’t any wind flags up and I wasn’t aware of the varying cross wind as the stiff sagebrush doesn’t move much in light wind. Within a few shots I was hitting the gong at will. My spotter (Matt) could see the hits and they were all on center. The next day the elevation was fine but the wind had picked up and after shooting a different rifle with no success, I walked out and set some wind flags. I was planning on doing this anyway and it really is a waste of ammo if you do not estimate wind properly at long ranges.

What an eye-opener it was to see the wind direction and speed at different distances to the target. I warmed up with my Remington700 in .308 and had the elevation correct immediately. In three shots I was hitting the gong dead center even with the wind. This was with my reload that I worked up for this rifle with 175-grain Sierra HPBT Match King bullet. I used the Lake City stuff for the 725-yard shots and continued using it in theTAC-308 for the 1000-yard test. The fourth shot at 1,000 was on the gong and with slight adjustments in the wind speed the gong had a rough time from then on.

The wind changed speed constantly from shot to shot. It was slight but enough to throw the shot to one side or the other on the gong or sometimes completely off the gong. The graduated center hairs in the US Optics scope really came in handy here. Matt was reading the wind for me and with a quick check of the flags he could give me the correction and I compensated using the reticle. It was fast for the changing conditions and proved quite accurate.

The McMillan TAC 308 definitely passed the test in my mind. It is a compact, high-quality rifle that is easy to handle and puts the pill on the target with a variety of ammo out to 1,000 yards. It would have been welcome on any of the capers that had me sitting on a hot rooftop for hours at a time.

Video: Case Prep for Precision Reloading

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Video Gun Review: Russian Saiga Semi-Auto Shotgun

Dave Morelli reviews the Russian-made Izhmash Saiga semi-automatic shotgun. Morelli discusses how to modify the shotgun to accept aftermarket mags and optics, plus ATF rules to consider when upgrading the Saiga. Coming soon a full article review of this tactical shotgun.


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Precision Cartridge Length

After the major case prep is done the reloading only needs some minor prep for the next loading. I like to clean out the primer pocket again with the uniformer. This will get the dirt and any brass that has stretched down into the pocket from firing. When looking into the pocket of a fired case there should be shiny brass marks where the anvil of the primer rested against the pocket floor. This indicates the primer is seated in a uniform pocket.
After the major case prep is done the reloading only needs some minor prep for the next loading. I like to clean out the primer pocket again with the uniformer. This will get the dirt and any brass that has stretched down into the pocket from firing. When looking into the pocket of a fired case there should be shiny brass marks where the anvil of the primer rested against the pocket floor. This indicates the primer is seated in a uniform pocket.

HOW CLOSE TO the rifling should the ogive of the bullet be for the best possible accuracy? This is open to debate, but we can agree that distance should be consistent, once we find the sweet spot, for shot-to-shot accuracy.

First off, you all should know that the ogive is, simply put, the spot where the bullet begins to curve to a point.

Using my Remington 700 .308 rifle the OAL (Over All Length) recommended in the loading books gave good accuracy. That accuracy improved as I moved the bullet closer to the rifling. This became apparent when I was fire-forming some new brass and I set the bullet right up to the rifling so the brass would form as concentric as possible. These fire-forming loads gave improved groups. With a little experimentation I found that setting my bullet back about .005 of an inch was the best for the rifle and load I was using. But how does a handloader best achieve the proper setback consistently once the measurement is established?

The OAL suggested in the reloading manuals will fit in every factory rifle out there. Moving the bullet forward for accuracy might jeopardize the ability to load rounds into the magazine. Thus you limited in your OAL to the size of the magazine. If accuracy is more important than quick follow-up shots you can get the bullet closer to the rifling, but you may end up with a single-shot rifle. This is one thing to think about if you are building a rifle. I like to cut the chamber as short as I can or build the magazine a bit bigger so I can have the best of both worlds.

The first thing I do is figure out what the length of my cartridge is with the ogive right up against the rifling. I do this by neck sizing a fire-formed die to my chamber and start the bullet in part way. I will size the neck so a bullet will slide in easily but not move once in place. I then stick it into the chamber of the rifle and slowly close the bolt. Of course I do this with an unprimed case. The bullet is against the rifling with the bolt closed and may be jammed in slightly depending on how much resistance the seated bullet exerts. I don’t worry about this very much because the actual distance the bullet is set back isn’t as important as achieving the exact same distance every time once the most accurate distance is found.

The container of tiny balls hold the dry lubricant to apply on the case necks. Poke the neck in and give a couple twists and the lube is transmitted to the neck.
The container of tiny balls hold the dry lubricant to apply on the case necks. Poke the neck in and give a couple twists and the lube is transmitted to the neck.

A bullet comparator will help make more accurate measurements of loaded bullets or the model (unprimed uncharged seated bullet to correct size) that I like to create for a reference point. The comparator fits over the loaded round and will give a flatter measuring point than the tip of the bullet. It will usually seat on the ogive which is the point that will contact the lands. By using calibrated competition seating dies, like the ones available from Redding, the shooter can set up the die with the model up to the rifling and then adjust it in whatever increments of set back is desired. Once the best setback is discovered on the range it can be recorded and duplicated. The size can be confirmed accurately with the comparator.

One thing I like about Redding Competition Dies is the adjustment on the sizing die. Achieving the same headspace when sizing brass is important for accuracy also. Once the brass is fired to the chamber I don’t like pushing it back too much when resizing. Whatever push back I give it, I like that I can repeat it with the Redding dies. It also comes in handy when sizing the brass for the first time setting the shoulder right with the chamber. The neck-sizing die has a bushing that can be changed in increments of .001 to get precisely the same tension on the bullet. The standard for the proper size bushing is .001-.002 inches larger than the loaded outside neck diameter. I use a dry lube from Redding to keep the friction down when sizing. It is easily applied with a container of small balls that hold the lubricant.

Another way to get the depth of the rifling is with a Seating Depth Gage from Sinclair International. Measurement is accomplished by dropping a bullet, point first, into the unloaded rifle and inserting the gauge for the first measurement, then doing the same thing with a fired cartridge case. The measurement between the two stops can be measured with a caliper for an accurate length.

Redding also makes a measurement tool called the Instant Indicator. It is a die that has an adaptor for a dial indicator. Dial Indicators are machinist’s measuring devices accurate to the nearest thousandth on the lines and to the nearest half thousandths cutting between the lines. The indicator also measures from the ogive which should be the most consistent part of a quality bullet. The ogive is the part on the bullet where it comes to the bore diameter. By changing the bushing in the Instant Indicator other calibers can be measured. I have two presses set up side-by-side on my bench. I use them to do two functions at once without using a turret press. When seating competition loads I can instantly check the length while waiting for the power measure to dump another charge. On a turret press it would even work out easier.

I make a model round with the bullet set right out to the lands as mentioned above for a reference point. I set up my seating die to this model and, by using the adjustment, seat the bullet to whatever depth I want to start with. Once the depth is right, the Instant Indicator will affirm that the bullet is precisely the same as the last to the nearest half thousandth. You can also use the Instant Indicator to measure shoulder setback for accurate and repeatable headspace. It is a neat little tool and one of the things it taught me is the most precise tools will have a couple of thousandth variances for a variety of reasons.

The Instant Indicator is set up right next to the seating dies. I use an RCBS Powder trickler and scale so I can check my set back right after seating while waiting for the next charge to dump. It also comes in handy for measuring shoulder setback and headspace.
The Instant Indicator is set up right next to the seating dies. I use an RCBS Powder trickler and scale so I can check my set back right after seating while waiting for the next charge to dump. It also comes in handy for measuring shoulder setback and headspace.

I found that the measurements were off a bit when I went to a fresh box of bullets. I was instantly informed of this and made the necessary adjustments to correct the setback. I also found that the dial indicator is so accurate that the shell holder needs to be tighter tolerances. I was using a run-of-the-mill shell holder and sometimes had a couple of thou variances until I put in a tighter holder. Redding makes their shell holders in a variety of sizes to tighten up this area.

Sometimes the shape of the bullet past the ogive to the tip is inconsistent from bullet to bullet just by a little bit. If the seater contacts the bullet in one of these areas it will seat a couple thousandths off perfect. The length to the ogive is what is important so it can be corrected as soon as it is seen in the indicator. The indicator measures off of the ogive. I don’t know if a thousandths is enough to make a difference, but if it can be perfect, why not make it perfect?

Consistency is the key to precision and nowadays there are tools that can give the reloader more precise measurements and repeatability. Depending on the level of precision that is needed to each shooter there is a tool to achieve his or her goals. I find that I enjoy being as precise as I can when measuring critical areas of cartridge reloading. It sure takes hold when the groups relate the effort. If you think it isn’t doing much for your groups at 100 yards, send a few out to 700 yards or better. Some of this fussiness has reduced my long-range groups from a minute to less than one-half minute. GDTM

This article appeared in the July 5, 2010 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine. Click here to learn more about this issue. Click here to load up on a subscription.


reloading-phil

Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Reloading

You’ll benefit from this reloading guide if:

  • You want to learn how to reload rifle and pistol ammo
  • You need to know the necessary tools required for reloading
  • You’d like to learn the benefits of reloading ammo

Gun Review: McMillan Tactical Hunter

I shot the Tactical Hunter off of a good rest and portable bench. McMillan gives bench-rest accuracy in a hunting rifle that is easy to carry.
I shot the Tactical Hunter off of a good rest and portable bench. McMillan gives bench-rest accuracy in a hunting rifle that is easy to carry.

Dave Morelli puts the McMillan Tactical Hunter through the paces at the range. Will this out-of-the-box hunting rifle live up to its accuracy promise?

I always wondered why our tactical guns had to be so precise and shoot one-half-minute groups but it was acceptable for the hunting rifle to shoot one or even one-and-a-half minute groups. I realize that the target area is bigger, but I always thought if a one-minute gun was good enough, then a half-minute gun should be better.

Many manufacturers like Remington and Savage are producing off-the-rack varminters or police rifles with tighter tolerances than the general population of rifles and some guarantee one-half-minute groups. Other choices would include having a gun custom made or having a gunsmith re-barrel and chamber one of your rifles adding components that are known to improve accuracy. Now McMillan offers another choice: a hunting rifle made with one of their custom actions and built with the same care and precision as their high-quality tactical rifles.

McMillan’s Tactical Hunter is a lightweight hunting rifle with all the performance of a custom gun. It comes in all the traditional hunting calibers. My test rifle was already equipped with a Leupold scope from the McMillan shop. The rifle they sent was a .308 Winchester caliber and the first ammo I shot through it was the 168-grain variety from Black Hills. The 168-grain bullet is probably the best all-around weight to shoot out of this caliber. I did switch to 175s in my F-Class gun because it holds super sonic speed at 1000 yards more consistently, but that is another story.

The G-30 action has great lines and is well machined. The bolt slides effortlessly but has a comfortable fit. McMillan holds non-critical tolerances at .005 inch and critical tolerances to ½ thousand.
The G-30 action has great lines and is well machined. The bolt slides effortlessly but has a comfortable fit. McMillan holds non-critical tolerances at .005 inch and critical tolerances to ½ thousand.

The ultra light graphite technology that goes into the McMillian stock gives the hunter a rifle that he can carry all day and not sacrifice strength. The un-scoped rifle weighs in at 7 pounds. It has a one-inch Pachmayr decelerator pad and the barrel is full floated off of a glass pillar bedded action. The barrel has a generous float with plenty of space to keep debris from jamming in between the barrel and stock.

The barrel is a lightweight, hunting contour; however it is made from match-grade stainless steel, fluted with a target crown. The barrel and action are covered in a matte black finish that appear to be tougher than a bag of nails. The 22-inch barrel comes with a 1-in-12 twist, which is a little slower than most .308s where a 1-in-10 is most common.

The action is McMillan custom (G30) and is well built with good lock up and a properly fit bolt. One of the important features of an action is how it is tuned and fitted to the barrel. This action is blueprinted perfectly perpendicular to the axis and the barrel is threaded and hand fitted for a perfect fit, providing bench-rest accuracy in a rifle that can be carried all day.

The action is machined out of premium grade 17-4 stainless steel. It is one of the toughest stainless materials and the machining in non-critical parts is .005-inch tolerance. Critical parts are machined to .0005 inch. That’s a half a thousandth! The fluted bolt aids in reliability helping to sweep mud and debris away for smooth action and is pleasing to the eye. The bolt is fitted with a Remington-style plunger ejector and a robust Sako-type claw extractor that has been redesigned by McMillan. It is on the front of the bolt and threw brass clean away with mild working of the bolt.

The raceways are cut and finished with tight tolerances and are polished with no tool marks. The bolt is also designed for easy no-tool takedown. I really like this feature. Most bolt problems I get in my shop are critters that haven’t been cleaned because sportsmen don’t have the tools or knowledge to disassemble the bolt. I disassemble my bolts about once a year these days but I would recommend more often for a professional marksman. The bolt handle is easily manipulated, and I thought it would lend to a quick follow-up shot if needed.

McMillan redesigned the Sako type extractor, which is a robust choice for a tactical or hunting rifle.
McMillan redesigned the Sako type extractor, which is a robust choice for a tactical or hunting rifle. Although Remington extractors rarely fail, the Sako type is a stronger design. They used the Remington style plunger ejector, which is also battle proven.

The action is designed to accept Remington-style triggers. This is great as there are a lot of aftermarket triggers produced for the Remington action. The trigger on the Tactical Hunter was phenomenal. There is nothing like a properly tuned trigger to aid the shooter into placing an accurate shot. There was no creep, a tiny bit of take up and two pounds later it is gone. The trigger is so clean and crisp I was surprised to find it measured out two pounds. I would have thought it was lighter.

The Leupold scope was a 3-9×40 with quick-detach rings and bases. The scope was easy to install and the Leupold quick mounts are rigid and repeatable. The scope can be removed and replaced without losing zero. The only thing I checked before heading in the field was to bore sight it to see if it would get me on paper. I thought it was close enough so off we went.

Using a 1000-yard target center for the first group my bore sight was off about 10 inches left and a couple low. I like using the big target so I can always have a hit on paper for quick corrections and no shots off target to calculate correction. The group was about a minute, and after correction I had it just off center a little. This was good enough for the test. The second group was slightly less than a minute.

The rifle held more than acceptable groups and shooting at the popper produced this group at 200 yards.
The rifle held more than acceptable groups and shooting at the popper produced this group at 200 yards.

For a light rifle I didn’t notice the recoil was any greater than one of my heavier guns. The Pachmayr recoil pad really made up the difference. The rifle was pleasant to shoot and carry. I packed it back and forth to the target without a strap. You could definitely carry this rifle all day.

After shooting several groups and gong targets, it seemed like the groups were getting tighter. My partner shot about a ¾-inch group. I have never used Black Hills Ammo before but it proved to be some accurate stuff.

I used one of my .308 ballistics charts to calculate elevation for longer shots and came in pretty close, hitting the 5-inch popper out to 300 yards. The only other factory stuff I had around was Federal 168-grain hunting loads, which gave the same sized groups. I believe a little loading savvy would tighten them up a bit more. I did manage to group around an inch on the popper at 200 yards.

The 10-inch gong was hit over and over with ease out to 400 yards. Under a minute is plenty of accuracy for a tactical rifle and now is the standard for a hunting rifle. Normally I shoot heavy-barreled guns, I might not have let the barrel cool enough for this rifle as it had a thinner hunting type barrel. Usually in a hunting scenario the first shot is the most important with the possibility of a follow up shot.

Barrel heat is not as much of a concern. Usually the temperature when hunting is much cooler, also. I have heard some hunters go through a box of shells while in the woods. I would think that after about the fifth shot the barrel was warming up enough to throw most of the following shots off quite a bit. I think they call this phenomenon canyon busting.

I give the McMillan Tactical Hunter an A, as it gives the hunter the confidence of a custom rifle with the weight of a hunting rifle. Now the custom hunting rifle can come to you right out of the box.

This article appeared in the May 10, 2010 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

The Legalities of Class III Firearms

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Firing a  .308 bolt action with a suppressor by AWC. The suppressor keeps muzzle flash and sound signature to a minimum, making it an asset in tactical operations.

Forty-five states allow legally registered machine guns. These firearms are available to civilians if they were manufactured and registered before the magic date in May, 1986. They are called transferable machine guns. All the usual requirements for gun ownership, and then some, apply.

Actually the form that needs to be filled out has similar questions that are on the Form 4473 that you fill out when purchasing a new gun. There is a part on the form where the application needs to be signed by the chief law enforcement official of the area in which you will keep the gun. This is usually not a problem unless possession violates some ordinance or local law.

Before purchasing or possessing any machine gun or buying or building a silencer, apply for and have the ATF registration and tax stamp for the equipment in hand.

But let’s be specific here and use the proper terms. Select-fire weapons are guns that can fire more than one round with one pull of the trigger. Some select-fire weapons will continue firing until the magazine is empty or the trigger is released and some have the ability to limit the number of rounds fired each time the trigger is pulled, as in the three-shot burst configurations.

All this has been summed up by our phraseology culture as a machine gun and deemed not necessary for private citizens by the anti-gun crowd.

The same goes for the suppressor. This technology allows us to reduce the noise of firearms so that we may shoot without hearing protection and noise to bother our neighbors. But somewhere along the line the “silencer” became an evil assassin’s tool.

Gun Review: Springfield Armory’s M-25 Whitefeather

Springfield Armory M-25 Whitefeather
Morelli tests the Springfield Armory M-25 Whitefeather. The adjustable stock makes for quick and easy changes to eye alignment when moving from one shooting position to another.

Although the stereotype of a sniper rifle or precision marksman rifle usually brings a bolt-action gun to mind, there are many semi-auto platforms available.

The AR faction has many .308 caliber rifles from Armalite, Remington, DPMS or Knight’s Armament SASS (Semi-Auto Sniping System). These rifles have been improved and tweaked into accurate and precise shooting tools finding utility in law enforcement and military operations.

The M-25 Whitefeather shoots a very tight group.
Morelli was happy with this group. It seemed the M-14 action is still a sound platform for the creation of an ultra-accurate tactical rifle. You can’t get much better than this.

But let’s not forget M-14 action. The M-14 action is like the 1911. It started out good and continues to be good to this day. The M-14 is an improved version of the Garand; changing the caliber from.30-06 to .308, offering select-fire capabilities and a 20-round magazine.

The M-14-based sniper rifle, like the 1911, has been improved over the years and now is an even more formidable and accurate tactical rifle than some of the others mentioned above. The addition of match-grade barrels, fine tuning, and high quality stock bedding have made this system a one MOA or better shooter. Springfield Armory’s M-21 and M-25 are the highest quality precision rifles built on the M-14action.

The M-25 White Feather is a tribute to Carlos Hathcock who accounted for 93 confirmed enemy kills in Vietnam. The Army’s most accomplished Vietnam War sniper, Sgt. Adelbert F. Waldron III stacked up 113 enemies using the XM21 system. The M-14 action has been proven time again to be sound and reliable and is still in use today in the military and police missions.

I had the opportunity to check out the M-25 White Feather. If you like sweet shooting rifles, you’ll be as impressed as I was with this beauty. This M-25 White Feather feels accurate coming out of the case. The McMillan stock gives the rifle heft and has stippling on the fattened pistol grip and for end. The stock is fitted to the action tight and right, with adjustments for length of pull and cheek weld.

You can make this rifle fit just about any marksman. The length is adjustable by removing or adding to the butt stock and the cheek weld has a thumb screw adjustment for use the field. Cheek adjustment changes as to the shooting position, at least for me, and when changing from bench shooting to prone it was easily adjusted in the field without tools for perfect scope/eye alignment.

Out at 1,000 yards the targets look mighty small. But the White Feather put rounds where they belonged.
Out at 1,000 yards the targets look mighty small. But the White Feather put rounds where they belonged.

The receiver is a rear-lugged flat black steel version and will accept all M-14 magazines. It is fitted with a Krieger heavy carbon match barrel that is 22 inches long with four-groove rifling that has a 1-10 twist. It is topped off with a low-profile muzzlebreak/stabilizer that is better suited to a precision rifle. Overall length is 46 inches and weight is 12.8 pounds. With the Leupold scope and magazine inserted the one I was using weighed in at exactly 15 pounds. The whole package is topped off with a likeness of Carlos Hathcock’s signature and the White Feather Logo marked on the receiver.

The trigger deserves a paragraph of its own. It is a two-stage adjustable trigger ranging between 1.5 and 4.75 pounds. This one let go right at pounds as it came from the factory.

The trigger is exceptional. A little take up, which is common in two-stage triggers, and two pounds later—GONE. It is smooth, crisp,and true. The fattened grip of the McMillan stock put the correct part of my finger right where it needed to be on the trigger. A good trigger is directly proportional to accuracy, and this trigger is great.

A rifle of this quality warrants a precise tactical grade scope. I went with Leupold’sMark 4 8.5-25x50mm LR/T M1 scope. This scope had a TMR (Tactical Milling Reticle).

This reticle expands on the Mil Dot design and offers more ranging tools by giving various sizes and spaced aiming points on the vertical and horizontal stadia. The accompanying manual gives the shooter necessary information and data to estimate range and drop compensation for both tactical and snap shooting conditions.

The Mark 4 I had was built with the reticle in the second focal plane. With variable-power scopes there is the option of placing the reticle in the first or second focal plane. In the first plane the size of the reticle changes with the change in power. This allows range estimation at any power setting. In the second focal plane the reticle remains the same size and range estimation has to be done at the highest power settings.

There are pros and cons to each system and this should be considered when choosing equipment for the intended mission. What I like about the second-plane reticle is you see the same reticle size every time you shoulder the rifle. It adds a bit of consistency to aiming which is part of the precision game.

Now for the fun part. After mounting the scope I took the White Feather to the range. The first outing was to get it sighted in and see what kind of 100-yard groups I could get. I shot the rifle with a supported bipod and sandbags under the stock from my Idaho shooting bench (pickup truck hood). The weight of the rifle along with the gas piston action made the .308 recoil barely noticeable. This is a pleasant rifle to shoot and the M-14 style action operated cleanly and without flaw every time.

After I walked the rifle in to the center of the target it gave me ½ minute groups. I was really impressed with the rifle’s accuracy. I tested one of Springfield’s M1A base rifles and one minute was the best I could do with it. One minute is perfectly acceptable for a sniping system, but ½ MOA is much better.

This rifle would easily be acceptable for a police marksman and most military missions. Ohh, that’s right, that’s why it is still in service today. I shot Federal Premium Vital-Shock ammo along with some of my reloads I use in my Model 700 Remington both topped with 168-grain pills. My homegrown loads were Sierra 168-grainHPBT.

I had an opportunity to take the M-25 to a 1000-yard practice match and see what it would do. One thing that was immediately obvious is my loads were coming into the target at sub-sonic velocities. The pit crew reported this to me. The loads were made for my rifle, which has a much longer barrel than the 22-inch M-25, but after doping the wind and some elevation corrections I could keep them in the black.

Not many shooters can grab an unfamiliar rifle and shoot tight groups at 1000 yards but I believe with some loading experiments and range time I could make a good show with the White Feather. I used a 175-grain load that another shooter had concocted for his gun and it improved the groups immediately. Their sizing, however, caused the bolt not to feed them consistently.

The M-25 White Feather is an awesome rifle. The M-14 action is a good, solid platform that can provide firepower and precision from the same tool; this is a valuable commodity for tactical missions. Springfield Armory has brought the best out of this workhorse and it is a good choice for many more missions to come. A good design is just that and cannot be forgotten when the new toys come out.

Gun Review: The .338 Xtreme

The 338 Xtreme was Xtremely pleasant to shoot.  The crisp trigger released right at 2 pounds with little felt recoil on the shoulder.  For a light rifle, 16 pounds, it was a surprise.
The 338 Xtreme was Xtremely pleasant to shoot.  The crisp trigger released right at 2 pounds with little felt recoil on the shoulder.  For a light rifle, 16 pounds, it was a surprise.

Morelli puts the new .338 Xtreme tactical rifle to the test; it's a shooter loaded with smart features.

I think the big to small syndrome is coming back. In the old days the lack of velocity that could be produced with black powder was offset by a big slug. Later in the smokeless age it seemed the race was on to make a smaller pill move faster to gain the energy desired and flatter trajectory.

Now in the big bore division, the .50 family of cartridges are being necked down to increase performance. The .416 Barrett was a shortened, necked-down .50 case and now the .338’s are becoming the hot new idea. The .338 Lapua is a popular cartridge for the long-range crowd and now these shooters have a new case to work with. The .338 Xtreme from Xtreme Machining.

The .338 Xtreme is a modified .505 Gibbs case making it stronger than the original and necking it to fit the 266-grain machined tellurium copper .338 bullet. The shoulder is 35 degrees, length is 3.040”, and the head diameter is .640.” The case is a bit larger than the .338 Lapua but not quite a .50. The ballistic coefficient of this pill is .825. These cartridges are loaded by International Cartridge Corporation in Reynoldsville, PA, and brass and bullets will be available soon for the reloader. The ballistics are impressive. See the chart for comparisons to the other long-range cartridges.

The 338 Xtreme next to a 308 Winchester.  The cartridge is made from a modified .505 Gibbs case.  The bullets are machined out of a copper alloy.
The 338 Xtreme next to a 308 Winchester.  The cartridge is made from a modified .505 Gibbs case.  The bullets are machined out of a copper alloy.

The 266-grain bullet starts cooking out of the muzzle at 3200 fps. Its 6048 muzzle energy is retained to 2641 at 1000 yards and at 2000 yards is still 1000 foot pounds. It retains more than double the energy of the .338 Lapua. They maintain that the rifle and cartridge will maintain sub-MOA accuracy at 2000 yards. I don’t have the equipment or range to test a rifle out to 2000 yards but one MOA at 2000 yards is 20 inches. In theory, if it shoots a minute at 100 yards it is capable of 20 at 2000. This puts a lot of responsibility on the shooter’s ability.

The new cartridge needed a launching pad and Xtreme Machining’s new M100/M100F is perfect for this round. The overall weight of this rifle is 16 pounds with a length of 49.9 inches. The nice thing about the M100 is the folding stock. The folded length is 39.2 inches. I really liked the folding option. I don’t know if a guy would want to shoot it from this folded position, and I didn’t give it a try, but getting it in and out of the truck and packing it around was easier with the stock folded.

I was skeptical of its weight for issues of shooting comfort, but was pleasantly surprised in that the recoil was Xtremely manageable.

The rifle comes in a single-shot configuration or with a removable box magazine. I tested the box magazine model and it held seven rounds. It is a bolt-action repeater and the machining is precise and well fitted. The rifle has a fully adjustable stock for length and cheek weld and a pistol grip. The stock is from McRee Precision Modular Stocks.

Perfect fit is important for these big guns. They are capable of such long-range shots, slight imperfections in fit could cause accuracy problems. The recoil management is dependant on proper fit also. The forearm is totally aluminum and the cut rifled 416 stainless barrel is generously floated. It is 26 inches and fluted for weight and cooling. There is also an optional 30-inch barrel. The muzzle of the rifle is threaded for Xtreme Machining’s 42-port muzzle brake or a suppressor, if needed.

I was really impressed with the trigger. It is a two-stage trigger and, as with these two-stagers, there was some take up. They come adjusted from 2 to 2.5 pounds. It was crisp and broke cleanly after take up.

I topped the rifle with one of Leupold’s 8-25x50mm LR/T scopes. Having a rifle that will shoot the distances this one is designed to shoot requires quality optics. You can’t hit what you can’t see, and crystal-clear optics with exceptional light gathering ability is necessary. The rifle came with 30mm Nite-Force rings. These are quality rings. I prefer twist lock type rings for precision rifles because they are solid and give windage adjustment in the base. Leupold’s STD mounting system is one of my favorites because of the stability and there is 20 MOA machined in for long-range adjustments.

I mounted the Leupold scope and I was off to the first shooting session to get it sighted in. I unscrewed the muzzle brake and bore sighted the scope to the rifle and at 100 yards it was nearly right on. The recommended sight-in for this cartridge for long-range shooting is 500 yards but I wasn’t going to be able to shoot at the rifle’s full potential anyway so I zeroed it at 100.

The 42 port muzzle brake did its job on the 338 Extreme.
The 42 port muzzle brake did its job making the gun pleasant to shoot.  A little concussion was felt on my face but not excessive by any means.

I was interested in what kind of group it was going to shoot and how flat it was going to be at the closer distances. Also, with these big rifles, I was curious how comfortable it was going to be to shoot. Utility is also of interest to shooters and I like to pack it around a little to get an idea of how easy it will be to get into service in a police or military mission.

Granted, I don’t run any professional missions these days, but if there is a part of the rifle’s anatomy that will be a problem to the tactician, I will usually notice it in daily use. Like I noted in the description, the folding stock is an asset to the rifle’s utility. It fits in smaller spaces and would take up less room in a SWAT operator’s vehicle. The shorter folded length along with the lighter weight, compared to a .50, would be an advantage to get into a hide quickly and undetected.

The rifle is pleasant to shoot. Recoil is barely noticeable and I could feel the concussion from the blast more than the push on the shoulder. The muzzle brake disperses the report in all directions and not directly back to the shooter so the concussion can be felt but is not a problem. I could shoot this gun all day without excessive fatigue.

Within five shots I had the group close enough to center for this test. I shot a one-minute five-shot group with three shots almost in the same hole. Considering I only shot the gun 10 times I was happy with the group. I only had 10 more rounds after I sighted it in so I shot it at longer distances to see how flat it was.

With the gun sighted at 100 yards I engaged 10-inch targets without taking the cross hair off of the target. I just aimed a little high of center. I took a couple shots each at 300, 400, and 500. At 600 yards I would start to correct the drop with the scope turrets. Using my Sierra ballistic program I calculated a ballistic table and figured the drop to shoot the last rounds at 1000 yards. The elevation came in correctly and the four shots were spread out about 18 inches. I am not calling this a group, but I thought it was a good starting place for a tactician to work from.

The .338 Xtreme is a definite bridge between the .338 Lapua and the .50 BMG-based cases. It gives the tactician and long-range shooter another cartridge option to better fit the tool to the mission. Check out the cartridge and gun made for it at www.xtrememachining.biz or call (814) 345-6290.

This article appeared in the December 7, 2009 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Four Cool Tactical Tools You Need!

Gun Digest - Tactical Gear, with Dave Morelli

Ever since man began walking upright, there always has been the kit. It is an organized container that carries needed tools to do a specific task. We have developed these kits in different varieties such as a survival kit, fishing kit, all the way to “everything but the sink” kit. The idea of the kit is to have the most amount of usable tools that take up the least amount of space and will do the greatest number of tasks.

We still in these modern times look to technology to get the necessary tools in kit form so we always have them with us when we need them. My personal reason for using the kit mentality is I don’t have enough brain cells left to always remember the stuff I need to do the job.

A prime example of this is the Leatherman or multi tool. With one of these on your belt you could rebuild an engine if you need to. In the police and firefighting trade there are some cool little tools that make those pesky emergency situations easier and they are small enough to fit in places where they are hardly noticed but always ready.

BlackHawk’s Hawk Hook is a great little rescue tool for breaking out windows and cutting seatbelts.
BlackHawk’s Hawk Hook is a great little rescue tool for breaking out windows and cutting seatbelts. I hope you never have to use it, but if you need it, you should have it.

One such tool is the Blackhawk HawkHook. This is a powerful but tiny rescue tool that is nearly unnoticeable clipped to a belt or pocket. For police and firefighters, who come across vehicle accidents, it can be used to break windows and cut seatbelts quickly.

It is designed to break side window glass and won’t work on windshields, but usually this is all a person needs to do to gain access to the vehicle.

I remember breaking many a side window to get to children locked in vehicles on hot days. Back then, the PR-24 baton made short work on the side window but was over dramatic and risked showering the child with glass.

The pyramid tip of the HawkHook gets a crack started and a smart strike with the screwdriver tip to break out enough glass to unlock the door or get your arm in.

The hook blade is sharp and with a good pull at a  45-degree angle, seatbelts can be quickly cut by pulling them tight away from the passenger and slicing through. The advantage over a lock blade knife is it is almost impossible to accidentally cut a struggling accident victim while cutting the seatbelt. It will also turn screws and can be used as a small pry tool and it can open bottles.

AR gear is always in style. This multi-tool fits right inside a standard hand grip. Everything you need.
AR gear is always in style. This multi-tool fits right inside a standard hand grip. Everything you need.
This multi-tool fits right inside a standard hand grip. Everything you need.

Another cool tool that fills the wasted space in the AR pistol handle is made by Samson Manufacturing called the Field Survivor Tool.

This is kind of like a multi tool for the AR and it fits right up to form a watertight seal and twist-on fit in the handle. The base of the tool is serrated to make a better strike tool with the pistol grip if needed and it has some slots that will fit magazine feed lips to bend them back if they get out of whack.

Inside is a variety of useful stuff on a hinge like a Leatherman. First the tool is a cleaning kit, it has a wire with a threaded end that can be dropped though the barrel with a brush or jag attached.

It also has a small vial that will contain a one shot supply of lubricant or cleaning solvent. Some other uses are a screwdriver tip, cotter pin removal hook, and carbon scraper.

Ever wonder where a sight adjustment tool is when you need one? Well there will always be one around when this tool is stuffed in the pistol grip. Also included is a broken shell extractor.

This is the best use of the hollow pistol grip since the replacement handle that had a door so the operator could store useful items in it.

Not only can you adjust the feed lips with the slits on the bottom, but there are two slits that are spaced properly so you can gauge the adjustment. This will verify the correct radius.

The line will also indicate where the feed lips will end. Magazines are the biggest cause of failures to feed and fire. Keeping these lips tuned up is a definite reliability factor.

Both of the above tools are available from Brownells. One thing I will say about Brownells is their ability to have the best variety of items in stock. During this AR gun and parts shortage, Brownells has been very reliable in having stuff and if they don’t, they get it rather quickly. Keep it up, guys.

Another cool tool is the weapons-mounted light from Streamlight, the TLR-1. This 80 lumens LED gun mounted light is a lot of bright in a small package. It is small enough for a handgun, but in CQB on a carbine it will light up the bad guy’s life.

The ambidextrous switch has momentary and steady on/off utility and run time is 2.5 hours on two lithium batteries. It will fit in existing light bearing holsters and is not much size or weight to worry about on the fore rail of a carbine.

Streamlight also makes a replaceable switch cap for the TLR-1 that will accommodate a wire and pressure switch so the operator can activate the light from a comfortable position on their carbine. This gives the option of putting the light as far forward on the carbine as possible and still be able to activate it with the off hand. Some folks like to have the switch on the pistol grip for gun hand operation and the pressure switch option makes it happen.

The fact that the light can be used on a carbine or a railed pistol gives it dual utility. This is always a plus. The TLR-2 offers the same options but also incorporates a laser sight into the light.

One last tool I have room for is a safety tool. Not so much officer safety, but safety to our family and friends. After all, the biggest reason we believe in the Second Amendment is protection of our families and ourselves.

I am a firm believer that education about firearms is the first measure to prevent accidents with guns in the home. This education starts with teaching young people about firearms and what they are capable of and they must be treated with respect.

The other side of the education is knowing that sometimes that may fail and it isn’t worth risking your children’s life on. Taking the extra step to make sure firearms are secure when not in use is educating ourselves to the responsibility of firearm ownership.

The Streamlight TLR-1 offers 80 lumens and a couple cool switch options that make it very handy. You’ll like it.
The Streamlight TLR-1 offers 80 lumens and a couple cool switch options that make it very handy. You’ll like it.

The argument of securing a firearm in the safe is; it isn’t accessible quickly enough when you need it. I keep the majority of my firearms in the safe, but my carry gun is either with me or close by, ready if I need it.

I am at a stage of my life that I don’t have any young children around anymore but I may have grandkids one day or friends that have kids visit occasionally. Even in my situation, I think of keeping my home a bit more kid friendly.

All guns need to be secure! The individual gun safe (IGS) is a good happy medium for keeping the gun secure and readily accessible. LockSAF makes a gun safe that is operated with fingerprint identification and can be programmed to facilitate several operators. How James Bondish!

I really am resistant to battery operated equipment keeping me from my guns but I have had this safe around for a while now and am getting pretty comfortable with it.

The safe also has a keyed entry if the battery goes bad, but if the battery is changed occasionally, like a smoke detector, it shouldn’t be a problem. Just part of the responsibility of owning a gun.

The LockSAF Indvidual Gun Safe is a great way to keep guns secure, yet accessible. It uses fingerprint technology to allow access.
The LockSAF Indvidual Gun Safe is a great way to keep guns secure, yet accessible. It uses fingerprint technology to allow access.

Another aspect of the LockSAF is if you only store the gun in the home, because you live in an anti-American city that doesn’t allow you to protect yourself when you leave the house, your pistol is secured should you surprise a burglar when returning home. It may keep him from using your gun on you or responding police.

I will take the pistol out of the safe or at least open the door at night to make it quicker to get to if I am awakened by an intruder, but during the day when there might be kids around and I am awake, it can be locked in the safe.

The LockSAF operates on a nine-volt battery and has ample room for more than one handgun and some ammo. (Back to the kit mentality, everything needed in one place.)

Order the Gun Digest Book of Tactical Gear
Learn more about tools for the tactician by ordering the Gun Digest Book of Tactical Gear.

After it is set up and programmed the user only has to touch the button and slip his or her finger into the slot and the safe pops open in a second or two.

I know that word “program” bothers some of us old timers, but it was really easy to do and I accomplished it in a few minutes after reading the instructions. (I know, another distasteful thing for guys to do.)

From attending the firearm to keeping it safely secured in the home there are tons of gadgets to sift through and it sometimes is hard to figure which ones have merit and which ones we can do without.

Without a doubt these four COOL TOOLS will find a place in any armed citizen’s or emergency service person’s tool box.

This article appeared in the November 23, 2009 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine. Click here to learn more about this issue. Click here to subscribe.

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Exploring AR-15 Optics Sighting Options

Iron sights mounted on the side of a rail allow a shooter to use a scope for long-range work and iron sights when things get up close and personal.
Iron sights mounted on the side of a rail allow a shooter to use a scope for long-range work and iron sights when things get up close and personal.

The improvement I like best for the AR-15 is the flat-top upper. It gives you more options for sighting and makes the rifle more scope-friendly. Here's a look at AR-15 optics.

Having numerous options for attaching the front sight to a picatinny rail-type forearms and gas blocks really adds to the gun’s versatility. But with only a few exceptions you can’t have both a scope and iron sights at the same time.

DPMS Panther Arms has added more utility to the flat-top upper, letting the rifle be a close-quarters battle weapon complete with lights or a long-range varmint/sniping gun with some accessories. Don’t get me wrong. I still love a bolt gun, but the AR can easily be changed for various utilities. And the DPMS picatinny-railed upper allows even more options to this already modular weapon. I decided to try one.

You don’t have to use the rails on the railed upper, but they are there if needed. It could offer another way to add peep sights to a scoped rifle. Most scopes have a minimum focusing distance, and a blurry sight picture is unacceptable in combat. A scoped rifle or carbine on a flat-top is difficult to operate in close-quarter situations, and an all-around tactical weapon should be ready for either.

The improvement I like best for the AR-15 is the flat-top upper. It gives you more options for sighting and makes the rifle more scope-friendly. Plus, you can add quick-on-and-off peeps and front sights.
The improvement I like best for the AR-15 is the flat-top upper. It gives you more options for sighting and makes the rifle more scope-friendly. Plus, you can add quick-on-and-off peeps and front sights.

This upper doesn’t have the dust cover and forward assist to which many AR users are accustomed. For those who like to tinker with ARs it’s nothing unusual to experience minor problems with the bolt closing or locking open after changes are made. Usually, if the bolt is not locking back or closing fully, replacing the buffer with a shorter or longer model will solve the problem. I’ve also occasionally experienced closing problems if the bolt isn’t fitted to the barrel. On this gun, I used a bolt and barrel that already fit properly.  So just as a reminder, if you’re going to change these parts, you’ll need some slight fitting, or DPMS can sell you fitted parts.

I topped the receiver with a Leupold Mark 4 2.5-8×36 MR/T scope. It has an illuminated mil-dot reticule and is a bit shorter than other models. Shorter scopes work better on AR-15s because of the charging-handle access. A charging-handle extension is a welcome attachment for a scope, as it allows better access. The 2.5X setting gives you a better close-range sight picture, but not quite enough for close-quarters work. The AR I was using had a match stainless barrel from DPMS. One of the company’s lightweight four-rail hand guards let me add a light and front sight. With the heavy match barrel, I wanted the lightest hand guard possible. Some of the railed hand guards are quite a bit heavier than standard guards, but the DPMS guard was light enough to keep the front weight of the rifle manageable.

Options

Streamlight makes various lighting systems for rifle work, and I gave the company’s new Super Tac light a try. It operates on 3-volt batteries and produces 135 lumens for two-and-a-half hours, and then 110 lumens for another hour. That’s plenty of light for a rifle in a combat situation. Streamlight also makes attachments to add this accessory to the hand guard accessory rail, including a vertical grip that holds the light. The grip has a hollow handle with a treaded cap for extra batteries and other necessities.

Installation of the sighting systems is very easy. Just replace the foregrip with a railed model, align things properly and start bolting on the sights.
Installation of the sighting systems is very easy. Just replace the foregrip with a railed model, align things properly and start bolting on the sights.

DPMS’ lightweight hand guard can be adjusted on the rifle at an angle coinciding with the rail on the front or back of the upper. That lets you line it up with the flat-top upper rail for sights across the top, or angled so you can twist the rifle and use sights on the side in lieu of a top-mounted scope. You can mount DPMS’s Mangonel flip-up front and rear sights on the rails to facilitate close-quarters aiming. Then, you simply twist the rifle to the left (if you’re right-handed) and aim down the side. I suppose you could use the back rail for sighting if you’re a southpaw. The back rail would also be an excellent spot for a laser sight, especially if you didn’t have a four-rail hand guard.

I liked the two positions of the flip-up Mangonel front sight. The point of impact was a bit low when I test-fired the system, and the lower position brought it up a bit. Further adjustments can be made as usual on an AR sight by adjusting the post. These sights come with a huge lock nut that can be hand tightened in a pinch to install. When not in use, they can be folded out of the way. On a railed upper, these sights provide a longer sighting plane and the peep closer to the eye, allowing better focus.

Brownell’s carries DPMS products, of course, but also has its own rear sight in the catalog. This is a great sight that can be quickly pushed out of the way when not in service. On the back rail of the upper, it has an ample-sized hole that let in plenty of light, even in low light. It also has a large tightening knob that can be installed and removed by hand. It’s well made to withstand hard use.

When you are all done, you have a truly universal rifle suitable for targets from point blank to 300 yards.
When you are all done, you have a truly universal rifle suitable for targets from point blank to 300 yards.

For an alternate iron-sighting system, I like the Short Range Tactical sight from JP Enterprises. Brownell’s also carry this accessory. It attaches to the hand guard rail by the gas block. This sight has an open rear with an AR-type front-post setup. The front post is adjustable like AR sights, and it comes with colored inserts. When switching from the scope to iron sights by twisting the rifle, the sights are out, as if you were sighting down your favorite 1911 or other handgun. When shooting three-gun matches, this is an excellent way to engage those pesky close silhouettes that pop up between longer shots that require a scope. It’s also a nice accessory if you need to suddenly engage a close-range target.

At the Range

I took the rifle to the range, and after a half magazine was quickly placing close shots in a tight group on the hostage target. Both mechanical sighting systems worked without fail, and I could change or remove them without tools. I recommend tightening them with a tool after you have them intact to keep them from loosening up during a competition or gunfight.

For Value Look to BSA Optics

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Carbine and Rifle setup
Whether you want red-dot performance, like the STS (bottom) or the STS4x32, the BSA line offers scopes that are durable, easy to use and affordable. That adds up to a great value.

Although BSA Optics was formed in 1996, the company has deep roots in British history. The company was conceived by Royalty feeling the need for weapons to protect Britain. They produced whatever was needed throughout history making weapons and machine work for weapons.

They became munitions manufacturers when the need arose and in 1866 they became known as Birmingham Small Arms and Metal Company and were the largest arms manufacturer in Europe. That was short lived because as wars end, so do the need for arms. Fortunately we still have them around making high quality optics at affordable prices.

My first experience with BSA Optics was a 3-12x50mm Huntsman Scope. BSA has a large variety of hunting scopes and they have tactical equipment also. I was looking for a quality scope but didn’t want to have a large investment in it. I needed it to use on rifles that I was building or re-barreling to sight with during testing. It wasn’t going to remain on any of the rifles as they would be scoped later with equipment that fit the rifle’s intended use. The Huntsman was the perfect choice for that purpose and I now have it on a Winchester Featherweight that I recently re-barreled to a .308 Win. I planned on using the rifle as a medium weight hunting gun and the scope might just stay right where it is. I will most likely replace the first scope with another BSA.

Of the things I like about the Huntsman, the first, of course, is the price. The quality is way more than acceptable and the multi-coated lens gives high definition and clarity with very little reflection. Usually when talking about 50mm objective lenses you will talk about a substantial increase in price. Not so with the BSA and I used it on a wide variety of calibers up to .300 WM with no adverse effects. I also like the long eye relief. I like my face as far away as I can get with proper cheek weld, especially on the heavier calibers. For a hunting rifle, it is helpful also to get on game that is moving.

The scopes come with a variety of reticules and this one has MilDot which was suitable to me for a testing scope. I have used MilDot quite extensively and am comfortable using it to range and adjust for drop. It works well for me on my hunting guns. The turrets are easy to use and have plenty of windage and elevation adjustment for longer ranges. They also have illuminated dot reticules if that is allowed for big game in your area.

Aperature on front lens
Picatinny rails on the sides of the BSA STS allow for the mounting of additional hardware.

I also have turned to BSA for tactical equipment. They produce a generous variety of AR friendly scopes, lasers and red dot sights. The Stealth Tactical Series (STS) has just about anything the tactician could possibly need for his or her next mission or competition. I really like the STS Illuminated Sight that not only has a red dot, but a blue and green dot also. Each color has three intensity levels for varying lighting conditions and the three colors will not only accommodate different conditions but also operators that may have less than perfect color vision.

The adjustments for windage and elevation are sizeable, easy-to-operate knobs with graduation marks clearly visible. One click equals half inch is the calibration that works for this type of sight. They are mounted towards the rear of the sight for easier manipulation. The dot control is mounted slightly forward and on top and is easily seen and operated with the weapon shouldered. The red adjustment is toward the front of the sight but if that is the color you are using the intensity can be adjusted while looking through the sight.

One of the new things BSA has added to their sights and scopes is the shudder-like lens protector. I consider it a lens protector but it also can be used to adjust the light intensity allowed into the glass. They are adjusted by a knurled ring fore and aft and can be completely closed or opened to any diameter just like a camera aperture. I have always been a fan of Butler Creek lens covers, but this applies two functions to the same utility and will not accidentally get flipped open. The BSAs are not as quick to get into action if the weather forces you to travel with them closed like the Butler’s quick flip.

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The sight is equipped with picatinny rails on either side and come with a light and laser sight that can be added if needed. Both options come with pressure switches for activation or can be operated with rear button activation. If your AR is not equipped with a railed forearm, the light and laser can be left right on the sight as a complete unit. I like the added versatility. There is adequate amount of cord to mount the switch just about anywhere on the carbine or rifle. The push button feature allows always on or intermittent option. The sight is finished aluminum with a matte black coating. It has a solid and rugged feel.

Also in the STS series is the low power scopes. On the carbines for CQB work, the 1X Red Dots and lasers are preferable. The utility of the AR also includes longer ranges and BSA also produces scopes for a variety of missions. The STS4X32 is perfect for a close to mid-range tool. BSA supplies the scope with a set of rings to go directly on a flat top receiver or it also comes with mounts for carry top AR or AK platforms. I mounted it on a flat top upper that I interchange with a carbine upper, depending on use. It is compact and rugged for any mission.

The glass, like the red dot, is crystal clear and gives a bright transmission of light. The lenses are also protected with the aperture light adjustment like the red dot and their other STS equipment and they have come up with a preferable turret design for the tactician and sniper. I much prefer turrets with large numbers exposed on the scope for quick adjustment in the field. When working with a MilDot reticule, if the crosshair is going to be the point of impact, the elevation needs to be adjusted to the yardage.

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Some of my older target scopes have large turrets but they are covered with a screw on cap. They also seem to have about 50 more threads than they need and take forever to remove, especially if you’re in a hurry. This is inconvenient to move for an adjustment, but without the cap, the turret could bump off, throwing the shot. BSA has a solution to the problem. They designed a push pull turret that has nice readable numbers and lines. The turret is pulled out to adjust the elevation and then pushed in to lock the adjustment down. Once the scope is sighted in with the rifle, the turret can be re-zeroed to the sight in preference. This is nice on the AR scope, but really comes in handy on the precision scopes.

The Ranger reticule in the STS4X32 is designed with the AR in mind. It has hold over marks for elevation adjustments through the scope. It has 100-, 200-, 300-yard distance marks and lines for closer battle. It gives the operator full range use of the weapon. The top two lines represent 3.6 inches at 100 yards and 36 inches at 1000. This can help with quick ranging if the operator knows the size of the target. It also has windage markings for estimated value compensation while aiming.

BSA has a long history of serving the shooting industry for both military and sporting purposes. Most recently they are extending this heritage by offering high quality optics and innovation for both professional and competitive shooters alike. Their variety of equipment and quality cannot be overlooked. Check them out at bsaoptics.com. GDTM

A Look at the Precision Rifle – Part 4 Optics

Today’s optics have come a long way from the earlier versions, letting shooters identify targets and put the sight on smaller aiming points.
Today’s optics have come a long way from the earlier versions, letting shooters identify targets and put the sight on smaller aiming points.

The barrel, action and stock all play an important part in building a precision rifle. But once everything is said and done, you'll need something that will get you on target. Whether you shoot sights or optics, these tips will keep you on target.

I was at a 1000-yard shoot a few weeks ago and the guys with open sights were keeping up with the optics shooters. The BPCR (Black Powder Cartridge Rifle) shooters guide their pill with incredible accuracy using tang type sights. The two things they have in common are plenty of practice and quality equipment. The same rule applies for optical equipment.

Just putting optics on a rifle doesn’t automatically make us better shooters. For me it just lets me see the thing I am going to miss much better. Optics started coming into play earlier than one might think and they were long and cumbersome and lacked the clarity that we enjoy today in optics. I guess their eyes started going bad, too. The optics made things closer and the shooter was able to identify targets and put the sight on more precise spots, or smaller aiming points, on the target or critter. This provides more consistency in aiming points and allows an accurate rifle to do its job.

The shooter must do his job also. This is where the practice thing comes in. The rifle must be shouldered so the scope has the proper eye relief and gives a full clear picture. The vertical crosshair must be perpendicular to the rifle and held consistently in that position shot to shot. Higher magnification exaggerates jitters, also making it harder to keep the cross on the mark the instant the gun discharges. These and a host of other things must be mastered to get the most out of accurate rifles and the precision optics we are blessed with these days.

The highest quality optic will be wasted if it is mounted improperly. The scope works best when it is perfectly centered on the rifle. Most of my rifles have the twist lock type mounts from either Leupold or Millet because they are rock solid mounts and the windage can be adjusted in the base with screws without touching the windage turret. The elevation can be corrected with shims in the bottom half of the rings or at the base. By centering and bore sighting this way, the elevation and windage turrets can be used extensively for shooting corrections without taking up valuable clicks just to sight it at 100 yards. I will also do as many mechanical adjustments that I can at the range for fine tuning only using the turret for minor adjustments.

The Shepherd scope, with its dual reticle system, is metered out to represent known sizes for estimating range. The lines correspong to 18 inches, the width of a man’s shoulders and the width of the chest cavity in hoofed mammals.
The Shepherd scope, with its dual reticle system, is metered out to represent known sizes for estimating range. The lines correspong to 18 inches, the width of a man’s shoulders and the width of the chest cavity in hoofed mammals.

The easiest way to accomplish this is to buy mounts that have adjustments for windage and elevation that can be easily adjusted at the range. Shims can also be used to adjust elevation without using the turret. One such mount is Holland’s Perfect Picatinny Rail Mount. It is machined from a near perfect Remington receiver with 20 minute of angle (MOA) forward slope. It has mechanical windage adjustment and should be machined perfectly for elevation. If not, it can be fitted to individual receivers with a little machining. It comes with complete instructions but does require drilling and tapping a hole for a lock-down screw. It is rock solid and perfectly centered when complete.

When I mount the scope, I check the elevation with a bore-sighting device. Windage can usually only be adjusted with some sort of screw base or the shooter will have to use the turret. If the holes on the receiver are off by much, it cannot be shimmed and the adjustable base will have to be used. If it is way off up or down I will bring it in with shims. Brass is a good shim material and Brownells sells a variety of sizes. A .014-inch shim will change the MOA quite a bit, about 10 MOA.

I have several rifles that have scopes mounted with Weaver based mounts and they are good ¾ minute shooters. The only problem I have with them is not being able to adjust the windage mechanically from the base screw. If the mount holes are not perfect on the rifle, they will be tougher to mount perfectly. They are solid mounts, though, and I have never had one loosen that was mounted correctly. Also, I prefer mounts and rings made from steel for precision rifles.

Planning and mounting the proper scope on the rifle is also important. Thought must be put into what the rifle’s primary intended use will be to match it with the most useful optical device. A predator or varmint rifle might require higher power optics as would a precision or tactical rifle. Weight might be a factor if it is going to be packed far on a sheep hunt. Also thought must be put into the necessary magnification for longer shots.

The length and diameter of the tube will cause mounting problems as will the larger 50-mm objective that will have to be addressed so it will not contact the barrel even slightly when mounted. Some of the new power adjustment rings are larger than others and may contact the bolt area and require higher rings. 30-mm tubes require larger rings but allow more light to pass through.

Leupold offers a scope for just about any mission. The quality and huge price range will offer the best scope you can afford. Their scopes come with a wide range of reticles also, and it seems that with ranges being longer these days drop compensation is a welcome feature. For a hunting scope, I can get by with covered turrets because once the scope is adjusted I will most likely not touch them again, making any compensation for wind and elevation by corrective aiming. This is why I like the compensation reticles. They give me more precise aiming points right in the scope so I can quickly pick a corrected aiming point as the game is nervously getting ready to bolt.

The Varminter reticle from Leupold was a perfect choice for my light hunting rifle. The 3.5-14 power variable VX3 scope gives plenty of magnification for distant or small targets and the 3.5 makes it quick for closer shots. The Varminter reticle has lines for elevation out to 500 yards and windage compensation to 20 mph direct value. These scopes will compensate for a wide variety of cartridges and with a little fieldwork they are extremely precise for the hunting rifle.

Shepherd scopes are another good choice for both hunting and tactical as their reticles also are designed for compensation of drop. The lines and circles are metered out to represent known sizes for estimating range and picking the correct hold for those distances. Lines in between the aiming circles represent 18 inches at that range and that is the approximate width of a man’s shoulders. The circle diameter represents a certain size, depending on the model, which could be matched with a chest cavity of an ungulate of the edible variety. It is a quick point and shoot system that works well in the field.

On my tactical rifle I prefer a MilDot reticle with target type turrets that are well marked for elevation and windage. Usually it is a long range gun, 1000 yards, and I prefer to set the elevation and windage according to conditions and hold the cross hair right on target. For military purposes or long-range target shooting, which is what I use it for, it is a great system when there is time to make adjustments. I believe there is more versatility and precision once you get to know your load and rifle. I have had a Leupold Vari-X III (4.5-14x50mm) on this rifle for many years now and it has performed well for me. I also like the side focus knobs over the objective parallax because it is easier for me to adjust while observing through the scope. The scope also has covers to keep settings protected during movement to a better hide.

I have always liked to have turrets that are exposed but would be protected from being knocked off, saving time not having to remove the screw-on covers. In a critical situation it seems like there is about 100 more threads than needed to remove the caps and then there is the possibility of losing them. BSA’s line of tactical scopes (STS Stealth Tactical Scopes) has solved this problem. The numbers are exposed on the turret, but cannot be changed unless the turret is lifted slightly. Once the adjustment is made it is pushed back down to lock it. It is readily available and readable and cannot be bumped off.

If improperly zeroed, even the best optics will just let you see what you are about to miss. Well marked turrets, like those on this Leupold Gold Ring scope, make small corrections easy and precise.
If improperly zeroed, even the best optics will just let you see what you are about to miss. Well marked turrets, like those on this Leupold Gold Ring scope, make small corrections easy and precise.

These scopes also feature side parallax focusing with a detachable enlarged wheel for easier access to adjustment. The 50-mm objective allows maximum light in but will require a higher mount to clear the barrel. I am really impressed with BSA’s optics. The glass is clear and sharp and comes with the multi-purpose twist cap technology. They offer four-inch eye relief and the variable 4-16 power should give a wide range of uses. They come with illuminated and non-illuminated reticles. They are a well thought out system.

There is a vast variety of optics available to the rifleman and at the price that most anyone can afford. With a little thought on utility, mounting, and price range the aspiring rifleman can select the right scope for their intended use. Once a quality optic is correctly mounted on the accurate rifle, the only thing left to do is shoot.

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Read Part 2
Read Part 3

This article appeared in the August 31, 2009 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine. 

A Look at the Precision Rifle – Part 3 Stocks

The McMillan Rifle Co. A-5 stock is made with an adjustable cheek hood that can be easily manipulated in the field.
The McMillan Rifle Co. A-5 stock is made with an adjustable cheek hood that can be easily manipulated in the field.

Your stock's fit can make the split-second difference that matters when it comes to long-range shooting and your precision rifle.

A properly fit stock is paramount to precision shooting. The stock is the foundation in which the rifle action and barrel become one with the shooter. The more precisely the stock fits the shooter, especially in the length and cheek area, the better eye relief and alignment with the scope will be achieved.

An improperly fit stock is immediately noticeable because the shooter wiggles his head around to get a full picture in the scope. Unless the stock of your rifle is custom made to fit you, or you get lucky and get one off the rack that fits perfectly, some adjustment might be needed to get a proper fit.

Rifles are made to fit average-sized shooters with some variations in the length of the stock and the angle in which it drops from the line of sight. They will work for a wide variety of shooters. The more the stock is customized to fit the shooter, the more precisely and quickly the shooter will be able to shoulder and get a good sight picture in the scope.

Although the wood-stocked rifle is more than adequate for hunting, the professional marksman should have as precise a rifle as he can.

There is no other choice. Get a rifle with a custom-built stock or fit the rifle with a stock that can be adjusted to fit perfectly. Actually, the adjustable stock has merit over the custom stock in that it can be adjusted in the field for slight modifications to account for heavier clothing or awkward shooting positions.

Butt length can be adjusted with spacers, recoil pads, or by cutting off a section and re-fitting the butt plate. Sniper or precision-grade stocks from H.S. Precision are designed with adjustment devices built right in. The stock can be adjusted to length and locked out in position.

The stock is built heavier in the cheek area, the grip, and the forearm to better suit the precision rifleman’s needs. It is machined to fit the action of the rifle and the barrel taper. It can be purchased in whatever color or camo that fits the use or mission. I have one of these stocks on a .308 I built from a Remington 700 action. The stock needed a bit more height in the cheek area for me and I accomplished it with a cheek pad from Blackhawk. I didn’t need much and the soft pad did the trick.

H.S. also produces stocks with adjustable cheek areas that can be lowered or raised to precisely fit the shooter. Precision stocks are usually a bit heavier than sportsman’s stocks — a favorable feature if it doesn’t go overboard, especially if it is to be carried much in a sniper’s role.

McMillan Rifle Co. also makes custom stocks. They manufacture complete precision rifles and stocks in a wide variety of configurations. One of their most popular, because it addresses most of the shooter’s concerns, is the A-5. It has a wider and flatter beavertail forearm and the action and barrel fit lower in the stock.

The A-3 pistol grip and dual-purpose butt hook help stabilize the rifle whether shooting on sand bags or controlling the butt with the off hand. The length is adjustable with aluminum plates that can be added or removed, and the cheek weld is made with an adjustable hood that can be easily manipulated in the field. It also comes in many colors and camo.

The above stocks — although they are part of the Army’s M-24 sniping system — look much like a regular hunting stock in basic shape. Skeletonized stocks, like the Choate Ultimate Sniper Stock designed by Maj. John Plaster, have all the ergonomic features a precision rifleman could need in a stock. It is highly adjustable in the cheek and length department and has hollow areas that can be filled with lead and epoxy to add weight.

The butt bottom is flat with a height adjustment screw for laying on surfaces or sandbags. The front of the forearm is angled to adjust the height of the rifle by moving it back and forth on the rest. It is built from high quality composite materials and machined to fit specific actions. This stock is well thought out and deserves a look for anyone putting together a precision rifle.

Weight is an important feature of the precision rifle. The heavier barrel and stock steady the rifle and reduce felt recoil. I like a police marksman rifle around 10 to 12 pounds. Usually these are .308 Winchester, which is not a shoulder-buster, but the extra weight keeps the scope on target during the shot.

The Choate Ultimate Sniper Stock is highly adjustable in the cheek and length department and has hollow areas that can be filled with lead and epoxy to add weight.
The Choate Ultimate Sniper Stock is highly adjustable in the cheek and length department and has hollow areas that can be filled with lead and epoxy to add weight.

It isn’t so heavy that it can’t be packed to a hide easily or carried on a longer rural set up. Most hunters don’t like the heavier rifles because they are going to pack it around all day, but I like a happy medium in my hunting rifles. The number five contour on a barrel is heavier than a hunting barrel but not a full target or sniper weight. I like a stock that fits me properly and has an action that is bedded solidly and correctly and is lighter than a sniper grade stock.

Fiberglass and composite materials have replaced wood for stock construction and are far superior in rock solid bedding, which is also an important function of the stock. The composite stock is impervious to weather and will not warp, swell or cause different pressures on the barrel that affect accuracy. Also, aluminum blocks that have been machined to fit the particular action of a rifle can be secured with epoxy into the composite stock to get consistent bedding when torqued back together after cleaning.

The solid bedding of the action in the stock cannot be overemphasized. The aluminum block is now becoming the standard for bedding the action because it is a super-solid way of attaching the action to the stock. The rear of the receiver and the barrel must also fit perfectly. The rear of the action should also be a tight fit in the stock and not move during recoil, and the barrel should be floated, that is free from any contact with the stock.

When I fitted the .308 rifle to the H.S. Precision stock, the only modification I needed to do was mill out some aluminum for an after-market precision trigger. The stock was machined for the factory equipment. I epoxy bedded the receiver for a more solid fit, but it was really not necessary, just me being a little fussy.

The aluminum bedding is so superior, many manufacturers and gunsmiths are pillar-bedding actions in composite stocks that didn’t come with an aluminum block welded in. This entails drilling out the holes where the screws fit through the stock to accommodate an aluminum pillar and welding it into place with a high-quality bonding epoxy. This aluminum pillar will contact the action and the trigger guard assembly precisely so when the action screws are tightened, the action, stock and pillars become one.

In some cases wood is still an acceptable material for a stock and can be modified to improve performance. Pillar bedding can also be used to improve a wood stock. The old method was to bed the action in an epoxy/Fiberglas mix inside the stock that would strengthen the wood-to-metal bond. The barrel channel was either bedded out to the end in glass or floated out with bedding material in the channel to keep it from warping and contacting the barrel. This was and still is one great way to improve the wood stock. The pillars take it a bit further and the aluminum gives even more strength. This gives the utility of a light wood stock for hunting and a good solid bedding job.

The action and barrel fit lower in the A-5 stock. The pistol grip and the dual-purpose butt hook help stabilize the rifle.
The action and barrel fit lower in the A-5 stock. The pistol grip and the dual-purpose butt hook help stabilize the rifle.

I re-barreled a Winchester Model 70 short action in .308 thinking to make a lightweight medium sized game-hunting rifle. When it came to the stock, I didn’t want to make it unduly heavy with a tactical stock. The wood was in good shape so I just machined out a couple pillars from some T6 aluminum stock and installed them with Acra-glas.

Brownells carries the pillars already made and all the resins to do the job; and it all comes with detailed instructions. The length of the stock was already fit to me and the scope mount I used was the perfect height for proper cheek weld.Some cheek adjustment can be made in mounting the scope.

Using higher or lower mounts can help and are worth looking into, especially on a non-adjustable cheek stock. This is quickly apparent with the AR-type rifles. With all the scope attachments on carry handles or flat tops, getting the correct cheek height is tough, especially if the rifle is set up for more precise shooting.

I like the Magpul adjustable stock for the AR.I mounted a Leupold Varmint scope to the flat top and couldn’t get my face low enough to see a proper sight picture. By raising the scope with a quick mount block and using the adjustable cheek piece on the Magpul, it now shoulders quickly with a good sight picture.

Although rifles may differ slightly because of the preferred utility of the tool, there are some factors that can be beneficial to the shooter’s performance.

I like my rifles to be as accurate as possible no matter what the purpose, and with all the options to choose from, proper fit and solid bedding are going to be my first concerns. As far as color and finish, unless it is for a specific purpose, I leave fashion to my wife.

Read Part 1
Read Part 2
Read Part 4

This article appeared in the August 3, 2009 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

A Look at the Precision Rifle – Part 2 Barrels

Wiping the bore between shots. Proper break-in of a barrel is done by wiping between every shot for the first 10 shots and every five shots up to 50 rounds. Also, allowing the barrel to cool completely between shots is important while breaking in and achieving cold-shot zeros.
Wiping the bore between shots. Proper break-in of a barrel is done by wiping between every shot for the first 10 shots and every five shots up to 50 rounds. Also, allowing the barrel to cool completely between shots is important while breaking in and achieving cold-shot zeros.

Quality, proper break-in and care are important factors for squeezing performance from your precision rifle.

While there is no single most important part of a precision rifle, the barrel is probably as close as it comes. Nothing physically touches the bullet the most in the shortest amount of time than the barrel. Picking out the best barrel that the marksman can afford and proper break-in and care is the heart of an accurate rifle. The barrel consists of a tube with rifling and a crown on the dangerous end. The other side next to the receiver is the chamber. It is cut into the fat end of the barrel and must be precise so that when the barrel is torqued onto the receiver it will headspace correctly.

With the barrel being such an important part of the rifle, there is usually a big difference between a factory barrel and a custom barrel. All barrels start out a piece of round steel blank that is cut to rough length, stress relieved and drilled. Usually they can be had in stainless steel or chrome moly. Chrome moly can be polished and blued or painted with one of the oven-roasted paints from Brownells. Stainless is one of the better materials for durability in the weather and it makes a fine tactical barrel, but I prefer chrome moly steel with a bead blasted matte blue finish. The stainless can be painted with the heat paints also if tactics dictate.

The rifling can be hammer forged into the barrel or button rifled. The hammer forge produced rifling is made by hammering a mandrel that is shaped with ridges through the drilled bore forging the lands and groves. Button rifling has gained popularity for rifling by many manufacturers and is superior to hammer forging. The button is attached to a long mandrel that is pulled or pushed through the bore slowly and rotationally to cut the desired rifling. This is superior because the stress from the hammer forging can cause warping as the barrel heats up.

We all know the effects of a barrel heating up and affecting point of impact (POI). One way to neutralize this is cryogenically treating the barrel. Some manufacturers like Krieger treat all their barrels and some offer it as an option. It is something that can be considered when super tuning a rifle or changing barrels. Basically this process involves cooling the barrel over a period of time to -300 C and then slowly raising it back to room temperature. This treatment minimizes warping because of barrel heating and also eliminates seasonal temperature change effects.

Before the chamber is cut, the barrel is then put in a lathe to cut the contour. It then has to be threaded and fitted to the action and the chamber reamed out. The chamber is formed by first drilling and then slowly bringing it up to size with several reamers. The first a rough out, semi finish, and finish reamer are followed by a high polish.

The custom barrel is a whole different animal. After the bore is drilled a precision reamer is pushed through smoothing surfaces and increasing consistency all the way along the bore. The rifling is pushed out with a carbide button and then the barrel is heated again and held at 1200 degrees to relieve any stress from rifling. Some barrels are “cut” when referring to rifling, which means one groove was cut at a time. The barrel is then cut, cleaned, and lapped for final cleaning.

The chamber must be precisely cut to center alignment with the bore. This is critical so the bullet will properly enter the throat and cut into the rifling as it starts its journey. Many manufacturers produce short cut barrels that have the caliber chamber cut with only some finish reaming necessary to install it with correct headspace.

They are usually also threaded to a specific receiver. Many gunsmiths like to start with a contoured blank so that the chamber, threads, and barrel shoulder can be cut with the same setup for more consistency. I have used both with good results.

The rate of twist in the barrel should be decided on when planning the caliber of the finished rifle. The rate of twist is how many inches the bullet travels to make one revolution. For instance, a 1-in-10 twist tells me that the bullet has to travel 10 inches down the barrel to make one revolution. For the Winchester Featherweight action I recently re-barreled, I went with a 1-in-10 twist.

The 30-caliber blanks commonly come in 1-in-10 and 1-in-12 – matching the rifling twist to the bullet you are going to use will improve the bullet flight. I went with the 1 in 10 because I was going to mostly use 168-grain Sierra HPBT Bullets. I have been shooting Sierra Match King Bullets since I reloaded my first round of 308. They haven’t given me a reason to switch to anything else.

The barrel is finished off with a proper crown. There are many different styles of crowns, but the most important feature is the cut along the end of the bore side of the barrel. It needs to be cut perfectly perpendicular to the axis of the bore. This allows gas to escape evenly around the bullet keeping its first milliseconds of flight on line. Damage to the crown is a destroyer to accuracy and the different styles help protect this edge. The standard barrel is the rounded off type used on hunting barrels. I like a target crown with an 11-degree bevel from the bore out to the edge. There are several versions of the target crown, and they work nicely on heavier barrels.

I am in the breaking in mode of the Winchester I re-barreled. Proper break-in is important to start the rifle off and get the most wear out of the barrel. I started with a Shilen barrel from Brownells in a number five contour. I chucked it up in the lathe and cut the face, the stub, threaded and chambered it all from the same set up in the machine. I like threading my own so I can get a custom fit to the threads of the action I am working with. This helps to make a very important fit, the barrel/action union. These two surfaces must perfectly and evenly touch all around upon tightening, lining up the action with the barrel axis.

All this work deserves proper attention by breaking in and cleaning the barrel correctly. All new barrels and guns should be broken in properly using this method or one close to it. One of the biggest things to remember is to let the barrel cool in between shots. The chamber and barrel are subject to enormous pressures and temperatures upon ignition. The temperatures will rise to 6500 degrees. Proper cooling in between shots is also necessary to keep tabs on the POI from a cold shot. Most precision riflemen are more interested where the first shot is going to hit. I always have cleaning gear with me at the bench. First, or cold, shot accuracy can only be achieved by taking every shot the way the rifle is stored. This is a very important factor for the SWAT rifleman.

In between each shot for the first 5 to 10, some folks recommend five, I go 10, the bore should be swabbed out with a powder solvent, then a copper solvent, brushed, and dry patched. I use the ammonia smelling solvents for the copper removal; they seem to work a bit faster. I really like the Barnes CR-10 copper solvent. For a powder solvent I have used Hoppes #9, Shooters Choice, and Kroil. They all work great and Kroil is a good cleaner and lubricant.

I will give the bore about 10 lashes with the proper sized solvent soaked brush to get out stubborn copper. I have found in my general cleaning, there is more copper fouling left in the bore than most shooters perceive. This copper will continue to build up and affect the break in. Running bullets down a nice clean barrel will continue polishing and lapping the bore, even if the barrel is on a high dollar custom rifle. After the first 5 to 10 shots the barrel should be swabbed out every five shots up to 50 rounds. As you can see this will not all occur in one session.

While there is no single most important part of a precision rifle, the barrel is probably as close as it comes. Nothing physically touches the bullet the most in the shortest amount of time than the barrel.
While there is no single most important part of a precision rifle, the barrel is probably as close as it comes. Nothing physically touches the bullet the most in the shortest amount of time than the barrel.

Proper cleaning is the next stage to barrel life and performance. As mentioned earlier, I have seen copper that is very stubborn and the barrel should be closely inspected until every speck is gone. I have cured other riflemen’s accuracy problems in the shop with an extreme cleaning job. This copper will continue to build up over time and ruin accuracy. I remove the bolt and push the cleaning rod through the breech end being careful not to nick the edges of the throat. I use a slotted tip jag to wet the bore and a pointed bronze jag type to push the gunk out after brushing. This is a little excessive but with stubborn copper sometimes it helps to let it soak. The pointed jag doesn’t leave enough solvent behind to soak because it is designed to push gunk out.

I start out with a powder solvent as before then soak the barrel with one of the copper solvents. I let it sit for several minutes and clean up and oil the bolt. I don’t take the bolt apart every cleaning but will inspect it for brass residue and chips that might work down into the firing pin hole and cause problems.

Then I work the proper sized brass brush up and down the barrel from the breech end 10 to 15 strokes followed by another wet patch. If there is stubborn copper fouling I will work the brush longer. A dry patch pushes the gunk out the muzzle end. I look down the barrel with a light to see if I can detect any copper in the rifling. At the end of the barrel usually I can see the copper in the grooves, so I continue until I can see no more fouling. Sometimes I will leave the bore soaking while I eat dinner and come back out and finish. The copper will soften eventually and come out. I continue the soak and brush until it is all gone. If I don’t do a good job of removing the copper I will notice my groups getting bigger and a return to the cleaning bench fixes it right up.

The barrel is an important part of the rifle and performs at its peak when properly fitted to the fine tuned action. Proper break-in and routine care will keep this most important artery clear of accuracy robbing deposits and fouling. Whether the rifle is for a SWAT precision rifleman, competition shooter, or the hunting rifle that will be handed down to successors, proper care will guarantee the most life out of the barrel.

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Gun Review: Armalite Super S.A.S.S.

The Armalite Semi-Auto Sniper System is based on an AR10 lower and flat top upper, with many accurizing modifications.
The Armalite Semi-Auto Sniper System is based on an AR10 lower and flat top upper, with many accurizing modifications.

Dave Morelli takes a look at the Armalite Super S.A.S.S. – an AR-10-style semi-auto sniper system that rocks, and is super accurate.

The bolt-action rifle has traditionally been the base for the sniper rifle. The locking of the bolt with enlarged lugs perfectly fitted by a skilled craftsman and the rugged simplicity of the repeating system has made the bolt-action favored by weekend sportsmen and professional tactical operator.

The semi auto, while offering a higher magazine capacity and faster rate of fire, has always suffered because of the tuning of all the moving parts and springs that have to be kept functioning in match-grade condition.

There also is the temptation to fall back on the fact that there are additional rounds available and not take each shot with the same precision as if it was the only bullet.

TRU Group I shot a ¾-minute group with the SASS using Federal TRU (Tactical Ri?e, Urban) the Federal Police Tactical shot just over a minute group.
TRU Group I shot a ¾-minute group with the SASS using Federal TRU (Tactical Rifle, Urban) the Federal Police Tactical shot just over a minute group. Both are acceptable groups and with some practice with the system tighter groups should be possible.

Yet the semi-auto has a place in the modern world and the U.S. military is actively seeking to deploy a semi-auto sniper rifle. That military interest has prompted many manufacturers to get in the game and produce sniper-grade quality like the Armalite S.A.S.S. (Semi-Auto Sniper System).

I tested one of Armalite’s AR-10 .308 rifles several months ago and really liked the rifle. The SASS is based on the AR-10 lower with flat-top upper and many modifications.  The foregrip is a four-rail picatinny type system for adding necessities and allows the 20-inch stainless match-grade barrel to float free.

The barrel on the model I fired is fitted with a mock Advanced Armament Corporation suppressor type apparatus that wasn’t sound restricting but would hold down muzzle flash. In a police or military environment or where legal it could be fitted with a sound suppressor for quiet shooting and improved velocity and reduced recoil.

The unused sections of the rails are covered with rubberized tops that protect the hands and the rails. The lower rail of the fore grip was used for an A.R.M.S. quick-detach bipod attachment that was affixed to a Harris bi-pod. I really like the Harris bipod. It is a quality pod at an economic price.

The Super SASS has an adjustable gas block for precisely adjusting gas flow for consistency and reliable operation. This is an important adjustment to regulate the recoil gasses and is helpful adjusting the gas when shooting the SASS with a suppressor. The Magpul Precision Rifle Stock adds adjustment to the Super SASS stock. It adjusts for cheek height and length of pull with calibrated dial knobs that are easy to get to and readjust in the field if necessary. I really like the easy adjustment because sometimes I would have to get into a shooting position dictated by the environment that would be more comfortable with some slight readjustment. Adjustments that involve screws and moving parts that need a screwdriver don’t offer this advantage.

The lower end of the buttstock also has a rail for accessories like a sling swivel or other leveling attachment that certain shooting situations might dictate.  The already accurate SASS was fitted with a Leupold Mark LR/T 3.5-10x40mm scope.

This scope was equipped with M3 dials which have ½ minute windage adjustments and 1 minute elevation. It also was equipped with .308 Win drop compensation numbers on the elevation dial. The 30mm main tube gives better light transmission and increased elevation and windage adjustments.

Your average scope usually offers enough windage adjustment but on a long-range rifle, those elevation adjustment can become mighty dear as the distance increases. I have never run out but extras are always appreciated.

The scope has an illuminated reticule that lights the Mil Dot portion. It also disappears in bright light when it is not needed and lights up when aiming at darker areas. The scope, like all Leupold products, has great clarity and light transmission and is a quality rugged optic.

The scope is attached with A.R.M.S. quick-detach rings so that the flip up rear sight and optional front sight could be used to meet the circumstances that might require peep sight shooting.

Even though this gun is designed to be a long-range semi auto it is still a semi auto capable of laying down sustained fire when needed. Being able to quickly take the restricting scope off for close-quarter defense should the need arise is a great feature. The improved magazines for the SASS were improvised designs from the M-14 style sniper weapon. They are rugged and less likely to malfunction.

They are also short enough to shoot comfortably from a prone position and still have 20 rounds. The improved ruggedness would be my primary concern so they would survive and function in the toughest of circumstances.

The SASS system comes with six 20-round magazines and a 10-rounder. Also included are a sling and cleaning kit all wrapped up in a Starlight Cases hard case.

The rifle has to be taken down to fit in the cutout foam lining but that is the best way to transport the system. I would recommend a soft tactical bag from Blackhawk or a similar outfit for a drag system to carry the gun to duty location.

How the Rifle Performed

I couldn’t wait to take the Super SASS out and heat up the barrel. When I put the trigger scale on the trigger and it weighed in at a crisp 4.5 pounds. The two-stage match trigger had some light take up then it was ready to drop. I keep my precision rifles at 3 pounds so it took some getting used to but it was a smooth, crisp trigger.

The action was smooth and the extended handle made the gun easier to charge with the scope on. Shouldering the 13-pound package had a familiar feel as it is based on an AR design.  I packed up some Federal Police Tactical and TRU (Tactical Rifle Urban) and headed out.

I assembled the rifle at the range. Again, being based on the AR the upper and lower popped to-gether quickly and the rifle was ready for action. The A.R.M.S. quick detach accessory on the bi-pod jumped on the lower rail. The scope in stored in the case attached to the upper.

It was a great day, 0-3 mph wind at my back and about 79 degrees F. I shot off of a bench using the Harris bi-pod and a sandbag under the butt. The rifle was rock solid. I would have preferred a fatter pistol grip on the gun but that’s just a personal thing as I have become accustomed to the fat pistol grips on bolt rifle stocks.

Anyone working with a rifle in a sniper position would get accustomed to the grip. The fatter grip makes my hand fit better and helps me to place only the tip of my finger on the trigger. As this is a modification that would tailored to each individual I could see Armalite’s wisdom in letting the sniper change the pistol grip to fit his hand.

The first couple groups I shot with the Federal Police Tactical ammo. This is a 168-grain soft-nose bullet of match quality. The ammo functioned flawlessly in the semi-auto action and the bolt cycled with a positive feel to it.

Leupold Mark Scope on Armalite SASS. The Leupold Mark Scope has half-minute windage and one-minute elevation adjustments with easy-to-read numbers. The A.R.M.S. quick detachable rings allow the scope to be easily removed to access peep sight system and replaced to zero.
Leupold Mark Scope on Armalite SASS. The Leupold Mark Scope has half-minute windage and one-minute elevation adjustments with easy-to-read numbers. The A.R.M.S. quick detachable rings allow the scope to be easily removed to access peep sight system and replaced to zero.

I didn’t fiddle with the adjustable gas block as the rifle functioned great and the recoil seemed a bit milder than a bolt .308. I think it is a valued modification though as adjustments could be made if there was a problem with the addition of suppressor or if the sniper was using subsonic loads.

The groups with this ammo were just a bit larger than one minute. I shot five-shot groups instead of three because that is what my department required and I have adopted that way. I thought that was acceptable for not having worked with the rifle for a training period. I shot up a box of the Tactical ammo giving the barrel time to cool in between shots so every shot was more like a cold shot the police sniper strives for.

The Federal TRU ammo is a hollow point bullet also 168 grains and designed to break up quicker in an urban environment, minimizing over-penetration problems. Both of these bullets have a boat-tail design.

I think the best performance that can be achieved in the .308 is with a 165- or 168-grain boat-tail bullet. The 175 bullet is gaining popularity for longer range as its extra weight will help it make the long journey, but my department used Federal Match ammo exclusively in the sniper rifles and our five-shot weekly qualification groups were in the half minute category.

For the military sniper where the distances are longer the heavier bullet may be a better choice, but in the police environment shots would be much shorter. The TRU ammo produced a ¾ minute group. That’s perfectly acceptable for a police sniper rifle and that group most likely could be shrunk down a bit more with constant practice. The semi auto sniper system is definitely accurate enough to be an addition to the modern police tactical unit.

With the additional threat that the police may encounter terrorist activity in the course of their duties, having a sniper system with additional firepower is an advantage. The semi auto has come a long way and is proving itself in battle and on the street. The Armalite Super SASS is definitely a system to look into if a police tactical unit wants to add a semi-auto sniper system to the team.

A Look at the Precision Rifle – Part 1

Finished sniper rifle. This Remington Action has been barreled and stocked into a tack driver. I started with a Remington 700 youth model to get the action and refashioned the action face, the lug surfaces in the action and on the bolt and hand lapped the contact surfaces to near 100 percent contact. I also replaced the factory trigger with a Timney and adjusted it to a crisp 3-pound release.
Finished sniper rifle. This Remington Action has been barreled and stocked into a tack driver. I started with a Remington 700 youth model to get the action and refashioned the action face, the lug surfaces in the action and on the bolt and hand lapped the contact surfaces to near 100 percent contact. I also replaced the factory trigger with a Timney and adjusted it to a crisp 3-pound release.

A nice, tight action will make your precision rifle shoot like a dream. Retired SWAT sniper and gunsmith Dave Morelli explains how.

The heart of any precision rifle is the action. It is made up of receiver, bolt, firing pin, trigger, recoil lug, and magazine.

The more precisely the action is assembled, the better the rifle will perform. Although there is a great deal of interest in the semi-auto precision rifle, I will cover the bolt-action here. I have tested many of the semi-auto sniping systems available and found them to be very accurate and more than adequate, but the bolt-action is still the preferred choice for the precision rifle.

The action can also be narrowed down from here to American-made or European. Again, I will restrict this information to the popular American-made actions although there are many high quality European choices available. I think the most popular American action is by far the Remington 700. It is one of my favorites because its design makes it more lathe friendly to machine. Many of the precision rifle manufacturers base their products on this action and Remington has a fine line of precision rifles ready to scope and use. Robar, McMillan, AWC, and H.S. Precision, produce some excellent precision rifles machined to extremely tight tolerances for incredible accuracy.

Winchester also is well known for producing a great action. The legendary pre-64 action with the large-claw extractor would be too much of a collector’s piece to rebuild into a precision rifle but post-64 models or one of the new large-claw extractor models would make a great action on which to base a rifle. Even though Carlos Hathcock confirmed 93 kills with the Winchester Action, Winchester doesn’t market a sniper rifle. I wouldn’t rule it out though.

I had an old Winchester rifle I bought new in the early 1980s that wouldn’t have much of a stock left if I notched it for every coyote it ironed out. I set the barrel back once to improve failing accuracy and just recently noticed the groups widening again. It was a featherweight model in 22-250 and I thought it would make a fine light hunting gun for medium-sized game if it was re-chambered and barreled to .308 Win. While it was apart, I ran it through the lathe and worked the action. I am still in the breaking-in period and it is giving ½-minute groups.

Too many factory rifles have triggers with excessive creep and weight.
Too many factory rifles have triggers with excessive creep and weight.

Savage has been coming up in the ranks developing their 110 action into a well-established tactical rifle. They are accurate rifles and their Accu-Trigger is a fine addition to any rifle. The trigger is another part of the action with a direct impact on accuracy. If the trigger doesn’t allow the operator to smoothly send the shot with the least amount of rifle movement, the bullet will not fly true. One of the biggest problems with standard factory rifle triggers is too much creep and excessive pull weight. The Accu-Trigger is crisp and adds a measure of safety in its design.

Mauser and Ruger actions are also excellent choices for a precision rifle. (I know, Mauser is a European action, but there are tons of them out there and they are still an excellent choice.) They are tried and true actions and the large claw extractor is all but indestructible and would be one less thing to fail. Starting with a military surplus Mauser to build your precision rifle on would be an inexpensive way to get an action. As always, Brownells carries a good supply of Mauser stuff to complete this project.

The bolt of the rifle contains the firing pin and extractor with some sort of ejector device. The ejector can be as simple as the bolt stop extending through to contact the base of the case to direct it out or a spring-loaded device in the bolt face to pop the case against the extractor to throw it clear. The Remington and Winchester bolts use this method. The only drawback is they can get dirty and stick, but I have never had a problem as long as I performed normal maintenance.

The Remington extractor is a tiny little piece of metal that looks like it would fail. Don’t let it fool you. It is really a trouble-free part considering it is tiny compared to the robust claw extractor of the Mauser and pre-64 style Winchesters. If it bothers you, it is a small modification to fit the bolt with a robust Sako-style extractor from Brownells. But adding it requires machining a slot in the bolt. The post-64 Winchesters have an extractor set in the front of the bolt and I have had no failures with it on the Featherweight noted above.

The bolt also houses the firing pin. This is one of the most ignored areas for cleaning on a bolt rifle. I think it is because every model has a little trick to taking it apart and there is the fear of sending parts into orbit. Learn how to disassemble your firing pin and keep it clean. Also, the locking lugs are very important; more specifically the contact surfaces that lock the bolt closed. A factory rifle can always stand some improvement here and if a new bolt is being used it should be fitted and lapped properly. The bolt face should also be as flat and perpendicular to the bore as possible.

What makes the precision rifle action different than mass-produced factory rifles? Usually only a couple thousandths of an inch. If you were to take a brand new hunting rifle out of the box and take it down you most likely will find that the bolt face, locking lugs, and face of the action to be out of square with the axis of the action by a few thousandths. These rifles will shoot one-minute groups, sometimes better, and are plenty accurate for most purposes. To consistently achieve the ½ MOA the professional or competitor is looking for this plane needs to be more precise and the locking lugs need to have as close to 100 percent engagement as possible when they contact on closing.

These tolerances are what we pay for when buying a precision rifle from the factory or when we have a gunsmith machine them out on a lathe and hand lap the lugs. Usually, the more of this work that is done by a master gunsmith, the tighter the rifle will be, and the more it will cost. Even though the precision-grade factory rifles are better, they are still produced in numbers and some of the individual TLC is missing. They will most likely shoot tighter than 70 percent of the marksman though.

Whether you start with a new action or resurrect an older rifle that has seen better days, the action is the heart of a precision rifle. So focus on the three most important parts: square and precise machining to provide solid bolt lock-up; a good trigger with very little creep and a magazine that will hold the rounds you expect to use. These factors will go a long way to improving the rifle’s overall performance.

Read Part 2
Read Part 3
Read Part 4

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